Every Union Territory is to be administered by the President. Acting through an administrator appointed by him with such designation as may specify. But this is subject to any law made by Parliament.

In every State, The High Court is the Head of the Judiciary. Below the High Court, in every State, there is a system of Subordinate Courts. All the control over Subordinate Courts in relation to posting and promotion of, and the grant of leave to, persons in the Judicial service of a State shall be vested in the High Court.

India has been well described as having a Federal Constitution with some Unitary Features.  Which we also term as having a Quasi-Federal Constitution. But, primarily we are a Federal State, and one of the most essential features of federalism is the Distribution of Powers. A Federal Constitution establishes a form of Government where neither the Centre nor the State is subordinate to the other in its own fields. The Authority of one is co-ordinate with that of the other.

It declares that every High Court shall be a Court of record; and Shall have all the powers of such a Court, including the power to punish for contempt of itself. A Court of Record is such a Court whose records are admitted to be of evidentiary value and they are NOT to be questioned when they are produced before any Court.

If a question arises whether a member of either House of State Legislature has become subject to any disqualification under Clause (1) of Article 191, then the decision on such a question shall be taken by the Governor and such decision shall be final.

Similar to the Union, the States also follow the Parliamentary system of Governance. Hence, similar to the position of the President at the Union, a similar position exists at the level of the States which is known as the Governor. The Governor is the Constitutional head of the State but only acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers who exercise the Executive powers of the Governor.

The Supreme Court is the final interpreter and guardian of the Constitution. The Supreme Court is also the guardian of the Fundamental Rights of the People. It is the highest Court of appeal in civil and criminal matters.  The Supreme Court was inaugurated on January 28, 1950, replacing the British Privy Council and succeeded the Federal Court of India which was established under the Government of India Act, of 1935.

Articles 79 to 122 of the Indian Constitution deal with the Parliament of India, which consists of the President, Rajya Sabha, and Lok Sabha. These provisions define the composition, powers, privileges, legislative procedures, and financial control of Parliament. They also include rules on Money Bills, joint sittings, disqualifications, and parliamentary privileges ensuring smooth legislative functioning in India.

The Constitution vests all the executive power of the Union in the President. The power shall be exercised by him either directly, or through representatives. The President is the Supreme Commander of Defence forces. “Executive power” has NOT been defined in the Constitution. However, Article 73 provides the extent to which the executive power of the Union shall extend.

Fundamental Duties may be defined as a set of moral and civic duties prescribed for the citizens by the Constitution of India to uphold the Constitutional goal of the country. Inspired by the Constitution of the USSR (now Russia). Part IV-A was inserted by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976. It consists of only 1 Article, namely, Article 51-A. But, it consists of 11 fundamental duties for citizens, originally 10.